电磁场与电磁波 英文版【2025|PDF下载-Epub版本|mobi电子书|kindle百度云盘下载】

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1 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY1

1.1 Introduction1

1.2 Field Concept2

1.3 Vector Analysis3

1.4 Differential and Integral Formulations4

1.5 Static Fields5

1.6 Time-Varying Fields6

1.7 Applications of Time-Varying Fields7

1.8 Numerical Solutions9

1.9 Further Study9

2 VECTOR ANALYSIS11

2.1 Introduction11

2.2 Scalar and Vector Quantities11

2.3 Vector Operations12

2.3.1 Vector Addition12

2.3.2 Vector Subtraction13

2.3.3 Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar13

2.3.4 Product of Two Vectors13

2.4 The Coordinate Systems16

2.4.1 Rectangular Coordinate System17

2.4.2 Cylindrical Coordinate System19

2.4.3 Spherical Coordinate System23

2.5 Scalar and Vector Fields27

2.6 Differential Elements of Length,Surface,and Volume29

2.6.1 Rectangular Coordinate System29

2.6.2 Cylindrical Coordinate System30

2.6.3 Spherical Coordinate System30

2.7 Line,Surface,and Volume Integrals31

2.7.1 The Line Integral31

2.7.2 The Surface Integral33

2.7.3 The Volume Integral35

2.8 The Gradient of a Scalar Function36

2.9 Divergence of a Vector Field39

2.9.1 The Divergence Theorem40

2.10 The Curl of a Vector Field43

2.10.1 Stokes'Theorem47

2.11 The Laplacian Operator49

2.12 Some Theorems and Field Classifications50

2.12.1 Green's Theorem50

2.12.2 The Uniqueness Theorem51

2.12.3 Classification of Fields52

2.13 Vector Identities54

2.14 Summary55

2.15 Review Questions56

2.16 Problems58

3 ELECTROSTATICS61

3.1 Introduction61

3.2 Coulomb's Law61

3.3 Electric Field Intensity64

3.3.1 Electric Field Intensity Due to Charge Distributions67

3.4 Electric Flux and Electric Flux Density71

3.4.1 Definition of Electric Flux72

3.4.2 Gauss's Law72

3.5 The Electric Potential75

3.6 Electric Dipole79

3.7 Materials in an Electric Field81

3.7.1 Conductors in an Electric Field81

3.7.2 Dielectrics in an Electric Field84

3.7.3 Semiconductors in an Electric Field88

3.8 Energy Stored in an Electric Field89

3.9 Boundary Conditions93

3.9.1 The Normal Component of？93

3.9.2 The Tangential Component of？94

3.10 Capacitor and Capacitance96

3.11 Poisson's and Laplace's Equations100

3.12 Method of Images104

3.13 Summary108

3.14 Review Questions110

3.15 Problems112

4 STEADY ELECTRIC CURRENTS120

4.1 Introduction120

4.2 Nature of Current and Current Density121

4.2.1 Conduction Current121

4.2.2 Convection Current122

4.2.3 Convection Current Density122

4.2.4 Conduction Current Density123

4.3 Resistance of a Conductor126

4.4 The Equation of Continuity127

4.5 Relaxation Time132

4.6 Joule's Law134

4.7 Steady Current in a Diode136

4.8 Boundary Conditions for Current Density139

4.9 Analogy Between ？ and ？141

4.10 The Electromotive Force144

4.11 Summary147

4.12 Review Questions149

4.13 Problems150

5 MAGNETOSTATICS155

5.1 Introduction155

5.2 The Biot-Savart Law156

5.3 Ampère's Force Law161

5.4 Magnetic Torque165

5.5 Magnetic Flux and Gauss's Law for Magnetic Fields168

5.6 Magnetic Vector Potential171

5.7 Magnetic Field Intensity and Ampere's Circuital Law174

5.8 Magnetic Materials177

5.8.1 Ferromagnetism181

5.9 Magnetic Scalar Potential184

5.10 Boundary Conditions for Magnetic Fields186

5.10.1 Boundary Conditions for Normal Components of ？ Field186

5.10.2 Boundary Conditions for Tangential Components of ？ Field187

5.11 Energy in a Magnetic Field190

5.12 Magnetic Circuits191

5.13 Summary199

5.14 Review Questions201

5.15 Problems203

6 APPLICATIONS OF STATIC FIELDS210

6.1 Introduction210

6.2 Deflection of a Charged Particle210

6.3 Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope212

6.4 Ink-Jet Printer215

6.5 Sorting of Minerals216

6.6 Electrostatic Generator218

6.7 Electrostatic Voltmeter220

6.8 Magnetic Separator221

6.9 Magnetic Deflection222

6.10 Cyclotron224

6.11 The Velocity Selector and the Mass Spectrometer226

6.12 The Hall Effect228

6.13 Magnetohydrodynamic Generator231

6.14 An Electromagnetic Pump232

6.15 A Direct-Current Motor232

6.16 Summary234

6.17 Review Questions236

6.18 Problems237

7 TIME-VARYING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS240

7.1 Introduction240

7.2 Motional Electromotive Force240

7.2.1 General Expression for Motional emf242

7.3 Faraday's Law of Induction245

7.3.1 Induced emf Equation247

7.4 Maxwell's Equation(Faraday's Law)249

7.4.1 General Equations250

7.5 Self-Inductance253

7.6 Mutual Inductance257

7.7 Inductance of Coupled Coils261

7.7.1 Series Connection261

7.7.2 Parallel Connection262

7.8 Energy in a Magnetic Field263

7.8.1 Single Coil263

7.8.2 Coupled Coils265

7.9 Maxwell's Equation from Ampère's Law267

7.10 Maxwell's Equations from Gauss's Laws270

7.11 Maxwell's Equations and Boundary Conditions270

7.11.1 Maxwell's Equations271

7.11.2 The Constitutive Equations272

7.11.3 Boundary Conditions273

7.12 Poynting's Theorem275

7.13 Time-Harmonic Fields279

7.13.1 Maxwell's Equations in Phasor Form281

7.13.2 Boundary Conditions in Phasor Form281

7.13.3 Poynting Theorem in Phasor Form282

7.14 Applications of Electromagnetic Fields284

7.14.1 The Transformer285

7.14.2 The Autotransformer290

7.14.3 The Betatron293

7.15 Summary295

7.16 Review Questions297

7.17 Problems298

8 PLANE WAVE PROPAGATION305

8.1 Introduction305

8.2 General Wave Equations305

8.3 Plane Wave in a Dielectric Medium307

8.3.1 The Forward-Travelling Wave309

8.3.2 The Backward-Travelling Wave311

8.3.3 Boundless Dielectric Medium312

8.4 Plane Wave in Free Space315

8.5 Plane Wave in a Conducting Medium316

8.6 Plane Wave in a Good Conductor322

8.6.1 Surface Resistance323

8.7 Plane Wave in a Good Dielectric325

8.8 Polarization of a Wave327

8.8.1 A Linearly Polarized Wave328

8.8.2 An Elliptically Polarized Wave329

8.8.3 A Circularly Polarized Wave330

8.9 Normal Incidence of Uniform Plane Waves331

8.9.1 Conductor-Conductor Interface332

8.9.2 Dielectric-Dielectric Interface336

8.9.3 Dielectric-Perfect Conductor Interface338

8.9.4 Dielectric-Conductor Interface342

8.10 Oblique Incidence on a Plane Boundary344

8.10.1 Perpendicular Polarization345

8.10.2 Parallel Polarization356

8.11 Summary360

8.12 Review Questions362

8.13 Problems363

9 TRANSMISSION LINES367

9.1 Introduction367

9.2 A Parallel-Plate Transmission Line369

9.2.1 Parameters of a Parallel-Plate Transmission Line372

9.2.2 Equivalent Circuit of a Parallel-Plate Transmission Line374

9.3 Voltage and Current in Terms of the Sending-End and Receiving-End Variables379

9.4 The Input Impedance382

9.4.1 Quarter-Wavelength Line384

9.4.2 Half-Wavelength Line385

9.5 Reflections at Discontinuity Points Along Transmission Lines389

9.6 Standing Waves in Transmission Lines392

9.6.1 Voltage Standing-Wave Ratio395

9.7 Impedance Matching with Shunt Stub398

9.8 Transmission Lines with Imperfect Materials400

9.8.1 Wave Equations400

9.8.2 Voltage and Current Relationships403

9.9 Transients in Transmission Lines405

9.9.1 Transmission Line Equations in the Time Domain406

9.9.2 Transient Response of a Lossless Transmission Line406

9.9.3 Lattice Diagrams412

9.10 Skin Effect and Resistance421

9.11 Summary425

9.12 Review Questions427

9.13 Problems428

10 WAVEGUIDES AND CAVITY RESONATORS433

10.1 Introduction433

10.2 Wave Equations in Cartesian Coordinates435

10.3 Transverse Magnetic(TM)Mode438

10.3.1 Operation Below Cutoff Frequency441

10.3.2 Operation Above Cutoff Frequency442

10.3.3 Power Flow in TM Mode444

10.4 Transverse-Electric (TE)Mode448

10.4.1 Operation Below Cutoff Frequency451

10.4.2 Operation Above Cutoff Frequency452

10.4.3 Power Flow in TE Mode452

10.5 Losses in a Waveguide455

10.5.1 Perfect Dielectric Medium with Finitely Conducting Walls456

10.5.2 Imperfect Dielectric Medium with Perfectly Conducting Walls459

10.6 Cavity Resonators460

10.6.1 Transverse Magnetic(TM)Mode461

10.6.2 Transverse Electric(TE)Mode462

10.6.3 Quality Factor464

10.7 Summary468

10.8 Review Questions469

10.9 Problems470

11 ANTENNAS473

11.1 Introduction473

11.2 Wave Equations in Terms of Potential Functions474

11.3 Hertzian Dipole477

11.3.1 Near-Zone Fields479

11.3.2 Radiation Fields480

11.3.3 Radiation Resistance482

11.3.4 Directive Gain and Directivity482

11.4 A Magnetic Dipole483

11.5 A Short Dipole Antenna487

11.6 A Half-Wave Dipole Antenna488

11.7 Antenna Arrays491

11.8 Linear Arrays495

11.9 Efficiency of an Antenna499

11.10 Receiving Antenna and Friis Equation500

11.11 The Radar System503

11.11.1 Doppler Effect504

11.12 Summary505

11.13 Review Questions506

11.14 Problems507

12 COMPUTER-AIDED ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS511

12.1 Introduction511

12.2 Finite-Difference Method512

12.2.1 Boundary Conditions514

12.2.2 Iterative Solution of Finite-Difference Equations516

12.3 Finite-Element Method519

12.4 Method of Moments530

12.5 Summary534

12.6 Review Questions534

12.7 Problems535

APPENDIX A SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS538

A.1 Introduction538

A.2 Smith Chart539

A.3 Determination of VSWR Using the Smith Chart551

A.4 Admittance of an Impedance Using the Smith Chart555

A.5 Impedance Matching with Shunt Stub Lines557

APPENDIX B COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR VARIOUS PROBLEMS562

APPENDIX C USEFUL MATHEMATICAL TABLES581

INDEX589