OPPENHEIM'S INTERNATIONAL LAW NINTH EDITION VOLUME I PEACE INTRODUCTON AND PAPT 1【2025|PDF下载-Epub版本|mobi电子书|kindle百度云盘下载】

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Introduction Foundation and development of international law1

Chapter 1 Foundation of international law3

THE NATURE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW3

1 Concept of international law4

2 Ius cogens7

3 Legal force of international law8

4 Practice and the legal nature of international law13

5 The basis of international law14

6 States as the normal subjects of international law16

7 Persons other than states as subjects of international law16

SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW22

8 Meaning of'source'23

9 The sources of international law24

10 Custom25

11 Treaties31

12 General principles of law36

13 Decisions of tribunals41

14 Writings of authors42

15 Equity43

16 International organisations and the sources of international law45

17 International comity and morality50

RELATION BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND MUNICIPAL LAW52

18 International law and municipal law:differences of doctrine53

19 International law and municipal law:the position in various states54

20 Presumption against conflicts between international and national law81

21 Municipal law and the fulfilment of international obligations82

UNIVERSALITY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW87

22 Universality of the international community87

23 Universality of international law91

CODIFICATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW96

24 Movement in favour of codification97

25 Work of the first Hague Peace Conference99

26 Work of the second Hague Peace Conference99

27 Codification in the period after the First World War100

28 Codification under the League of Nations101

29 The Hague Codification Conference of 1930102

30 The International Law Commission103

31 Codification and development of international law110

32 The revision of international law114

Part 1 The subjects of international law117

Chapter 2 International persons119

SOVEREIGN STATES AS INTERNATIONAL PERSONS119

33 The concept of international person119

34 Concept of the state120

35 States less than sovereign123

36 Divisibility of sovereignty contested124

37 The problem of sovereignty in the 20th century125

RECOGNITION OF STATES AND GOVERNMENTS126

38 Recognition in general127

39 Recognition and membership of the international community128

40 Recognition of states130

41 Precipitate recognition143

42 Recognition of new heads and governments of old states146

43 When coming into power normally and constitutionally147

44 When coming into power abnormally and in a revolutionary manner148

45 Criteria for recognition of governments150

46 De facto recognition154

47 Consequences of recognition of new states and governments158

48 Retroactivity of recognition161

49 Recognition and civil wars:recognition of belligerency and insurgency161

50 Implied recognition169

51 Conditional recognition175

52 Withdrawal of recognition176

53 Recognition and participation in the United Nations177

54 The principle of non-recognition183

55 State practice and non-recognition186

56 Consequences of non-recognition197

CHANGES IN THE CONDITION OF STATES204

57 Changes not affecting states as international persons204

58 Changes affecting states as international persons206

59 Extinction of states206

SUCCESSION OF STATES208

60 Succession of states208

61 How far succession takes place209

62 Absorption or merger210

63 Dismemberment219

64 Separation;secession222

65 Transfer of territory224

66 Former dependent territories227

67 Succession of governments,and on the suppression of a revolt234

68 State succession:recent developments236

69 Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respect of Treaties 1978237

70 Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respect of State Property,Archives and Debts 1983240

COMPOSITE INTERNATIONAL PERSONS245

71 Composite international persons in general245

72 States in personal union245

73 States in real union246

74 Confederated states(Staatenbund)246

75 Federal states(Bundesstaaten)248

76 Federal states and the implementation of international obligations253

77 Customs unions255

THE COMMONWEALTH256

78 Progress of self-governing dominions towards independence257

79 The Commonwealth since 1945261

80 The legal nature of the Commonwealth265

STATES UNDER PROTECTION266

81 States under protection267

82 International position of states under protection269

83 Recent and existing protectorates271

DEPENDENT TERRITORIES275

84 Colonies275

85 Non-self-governing territories and the United Nations Charter282

MANDATED AREAS295

86 The general features of the mandate system295

87 National status of the inhabitants298

88 South West Africa(Namibia)300

TERRITORIES UNDER THE SYSTEM OF TRUSTEESHIP308

89 In general308

90 Territories under the trusteeship system308

91 The objects of the trusteeship system309

92 The trusteeship agreements310

93 Strategic trust areas313

94 The Trusteeship Council314

95 Sovereignty over trust territories316

NEUTRALISED STATES318

96 Concept of neutralised states319

97 Switzerland321

98 Austria323

THE HOLY SEE325

99 The former Papal States325

100 The Italian Law of Guarantee 1871325

101 The Lateran Treaty 1929326

102 The status of the Vatican City in international law327

Chapter 3 Position of the states in international law330

BASES OF STATEHOOD330

103 International personality330

104 The legal bases of statehood331

105 Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States 1970333

106 Economic rights and duties of states335

EQUALITY OF STATES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW339

107 Equality an inference from the basis of international law339

108 Equality of states and international legislation341

109 Equality of states and immunity from jurisdiction341

110 Exceptions to jurisdictional immunity355

111 Equality of states and government action affecting state property363

112 State equality and recognition of foreign official acts:'act of state'365

113 Foreign legislation contrary to international law371

114 State equality and non-discrimination376

DIGNITY379

115 Consequences of the dignity of states379

116 Maritime ceremonials381

INDEPENDENCE AND TERRITORIAL AND PERSONAL AUTHORITY382

117 Independence,and territorial and personal authority,as aspects of sovereignty382

118 Consequences of independence and territorial and personal authority382

119 Violations of independence and territorial and personal authority385

120 Restrictions upon independence390

121 Restrictions upon territorial authority391

122 Subversive activities against other states393

123 Restrictions upon personal authority406

124 Abuse of rights407

125 Protection of the environment410

SELF-PRESERVATION AND SELF-DEFENCE416

126 Self-preservation416

127 The right of self-defence417

INTERVENTION427

128 Prohibition of intervention428

129 Concept and character of intervention430

130 Assistance on request435

131 Circumstances which may justify intervention439

132 Collective intervention in the general interest447

133 Political aspects of intervention449

INTERCOURSE451

134 Intercourse between states451

135 Rights of intercourse and economic cooperation452

JURISDICTION456

136 State jurisdiction in general456

137 Territorial jurisdiction458

138 Jurisdiction over citizens abroad462

139 Jurisdiction over foreigners in foreign states466

140 The Lotus case478

141 Jurisdiction at sea and in the air479

142 Warsaw and Rome Conventions484

143 Legal cooperation and assistance484

144 Non-enforcement of foreign public law488

Chapter 4 Responsibility of states499

ON STATE RESPONSIBILITY IN GENERAL499

145 Nature of state responsibility500

146 Concept of international wrongs502

147 States as subjects of international wrongs503

148 Individuals as subjects of international wrongs505

149 The basis of responsibility508

150 Nationality of claims511

151 Nationality of claims:double nationality515

152 Nationality of claims:corporations517

153 Exhaustion of local remedies522

154 Bar by lapse of time(extinctive prescription)526

155 Reparation as a consequence of international wrongs528

156 Penal damages533

157 Criminal responsibility of states533

158 International claims536

STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR ACTS OF STATE ORGANS539

159 Responsibility varies with organs concerned540

160 Internationally injurious acts of Heads of States541

161 Internationally injurious acts of members of governments542

162 Internationally injurious acts of diplomatic envoys542

163 Internationally injurious activity of parliaments542

164 Internationally injurious acts of judicial organs. Denial of justice543

165 Internationally injurious acts of administrative officials and members of armed forces545

STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR ACTS OF PRIVATE PERSONS548

166 State responsibility for acts of private persons549

167 Responsibility for acts of insurgents and rioters550