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汉英对比语言学【2025|PDF下载-Epub版本|mobi电子书|kindle百度云盘下载】

陈德彰著著
出版社：北京：外语教学与研究出版社
ISBN：9787513512916
出版时间：2011
标注页数：354页
文件大小：15MB
文件页数：369页
主题词：汉语－对比语言学－英语－高等学校－教材

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图书目录

Chapter 1 Language and Thinking1

1.1 Introduction1

1.1.1 Definition of language1

1.1.2 Characteristics of language3

1.2 Comparison of English and Chinese3

1.2.1 Reason for contrastive studies between English and Chinese3

1.2.2 A preliminary comparison4

Chapter 2 Words and Characters20

2.1 English letters and Chinese characters20

2.2 Development of Chinese characters26

2.3 The relation between Chinese characters and words31

2.4 Motivation of words41

2.5 Meaning of words45

2.6 Word as a unit56

Chapter 3 Primal Words and Secondary Words59

3.1 Introduction59

3.2 Formation of secondary words60

3.2.1 Combining61

3.2.2 Examples of a special type of derivation61

3.2.3 Compounding74

3.3 Shortening76

3.3.1 Acronym76

3.3.2 Blending78

3.3.3 Clipping81

3.3.4 Shortening of Chinese words82

3.4 Other means of new word formation87

3.4.1 Conversion87

3.4.2 Borrowing88

3.5 Analogy97

Chapter 4 Intonation and Tone101

4.1 Intonation101

4.2 Syllable103

4.3 Sound effect of poems109

Chapter 5 Conception and Nomenclature114

5.1 Lexical disparity114

5.2 Lexeme gap115

5.2.1 Different motivations behind nomenclature115

5.2.2 Different ways of grouping things120

5.2.3 Differences among synonyms124

5.2.4 Things unique to a culture126

5.3 Semantic gap128

5.3.1 Different reference meanings128

5.3.2 Different extended meanings134

5.3.3 Different directions of meanings135

5.4 Usage Gaps137

5.4.1 Transitivity137

5.4.2 Differences caused by word formation139

5.4.3 Differences caused by flexible usage—conversion140

5.4.4 Differences caused by different grammatical meanings between corresponding words141

Chapter 6 Abstraction and Concretion147

6.1 Abstraction and abstract meaning147

6.2 杯as an example150

6.3 Further abstraction159

6.4 Abstraction and sentence structure165

6.5 Concretization of abstract nouns168

Chapter 7 Stativeness and Dynamicity174

7.1 Introduction174

7.2 The verb175

7.2.1 Functions of verbs176

7.2.2 Classification of verbs177

7.2.3 Morphological changes of English verbs181

7.2.4 The use of verbs in the sentences182

7.3 Verbalization of nouns185

7.4 Action or motion implied in other parts of speech192

7.4.1 The noun192

7.4.2 Other parts of speech201

7.5 At the syntactic level204

Chapter 8 Overtness and Covertness212

8.1 Markers212

8.2 Parts of speech and their function in the sentence214

8.3 The article222

8.4 Marker of the plural231

8.5 Chinese auxiliaries的，地，and得238

8.5.1 的238

8.5.2 地241

8.5.3 得242

8.6 The passive246

8.7 Punctuation marks248

Chapter 9 Rigidity and Flexibility251

9.1 General difference between Chinese and English grammar251

9.2 Definition of the sentence252

9.3 Classification of sentences256

9.3.1 Some special Chinese sentence patterns267

9.4 Elements of the sentence273

9.4.1 The subject273

9.4.2 Relation between the verb and its object285

9.5 Word order292

9.5.1 Adverbials296

9.5.2 Relative clauses302

9.5.3 Inversion304

9.6 Parataxis and hypotaxis309

9.6.1 Connectives310

Chapter 10 Objectivity and Subjectivity330

10.1 Language and subject330

10.2 Daily usage of the language333

10.3 Subjective and objective standards335

10.4 Depiction of mental activities in English338

10.5 The passive voice341

10.6 Animated and inanimate subjects343

10.7 Different levels of objectivity345

Bibliography349