现代英语标准发音【2025|PDF下载-Epub版本|mobi电子书|kindle百度云盘下载】

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1 What is a Good Pronunciation？1

2 The Model of English Pronunciation8

2.1 The choice of model8

2.2 Why should we choose British General RP as our model？9

2.3 Main differences between the Gimson Transcription and the Jones Transcription11

3 Two Stages in Learning English Phonemes15

3.1 Phonemes and their allophones15

3.2 Two stages in learning English phonemes17

3.3 Clipping19

4 Pronouncing Written Words21

4.1 Letters and sounds21

4.2 Pronouncing consonant letters c and g23

4.3 Pronouncing sh,ch and gh24

4.4 Pronouncing th24

4.5 Pronunciation,spelling and word stress25

4.6 Pronouncing single vowel letters26

4.7 Pronouncing vowel pairs27

4.8 Silent letters28

5 The Lungs and the Larynx30

5.1 The human speech mechanism30

5.2 The respiratory system32

5.3 The phonatory system33

5.4 Learning to control consciously the action of the vocal folds35

5.5 Identifying the voiced and voiceless sounds35

5.6 The linguistic uses of pitch36

6 The Vocal Tract39

6.1 Articulators in the vocal tract39

6.2 Places of articulation42

6.3 Manners of articulation45

7 Syllables,Stresses and Tonic Syllables49

7.1 Syllables,vowels and consonants49

7.2 Levels of stress52

7.3 Tonic syllables53

7.3.1 Information words and English communication54

7.3.2 Structure words and English communication54

7.3.3 Tone-units and tonic stress55

7.4 Summary56

8 Front Vowels57

8.1 The cardinal vowels57

8.2 The English vowel system61

8.3 Front vowels62

9 Central Vowels and Back Vowels72

9.1 Central vowels72

9.2 Back vowels78

10 Diphthongs90

10.1 Closing diphthongs90

10.2 Centring diphthongs102

11 Obstruents（1）109

11.1 The English consonant system109

11.2 Plosives111

11.2.1 Bilabial plosives /p,b/112

11.2.2 Alveolar plosives /t,d/113

11.2.3 Velar plosives /k,g/113

11.3 Affricates116

11.3.1 Palato-alveolar affricates /t∫,d？/117

12 Obstruents（2）119

12.1 Fricatives119

12.2 Labio-dental fricatives /f,v/119

12.3 Dental fricatives /θ,？/121

12.4 Alveolar fricatives /s,z/124

12.5 Palato-alveolar fricatives /∫,？/127

12.6 Glottal fricative /h/129

13 Sonorants131

13.1 Nasals131

13.1.1 Bilabial nasal /m/131

13.1.2 Alveolar nasal /n/132

13.1.3 Velar nasal /？/134

13.2 Alveolar lateral approximant /l/136

13.3 Approximants138

13.3.1 Post-alveolar approximant /r/139

13.3.2 Palatal approximant /j/142

13.3.3 Labial-velar approximant /w/144

14 The English Syllable148

14.1 The structure of the English syllable148

14.1.1 Syllable onsets148

14.1.2 Syllable codas152

14.2 The-s inflectional ending153

14.3 The-ed inflectional ending154

14.4 Syllabification155

15 Word Stress Patterns159

15.1 Stress and prominence159

15.2 Primary and secondary stress160

15.3 Word stress patterns161

15.4 Compound words162

15.5 Word-class pairs164

16 Weak Forms and Rhythm166

16.1 Weak forms166

16.1.1 Conjunctions166

16.1.2 Pronouns167

16.1.3 Verbs167

16.1.4 Determiners169

16.1.5 Prepositions169

16.1.6 There170

16.2 Contracted forms170

16.3 The use of strong forms170

16.4 Rhythm and stress172

17 The Intonation Mark System176

17.1 A transcribed text176

17.2 What is intonation？179

17.3 Tone-unit components181

17.4 Reading the intonation marks183

17.4.1 Nuclear tone marks183

17.4.2 Stress marks in the tail184

17.4.3 Stress marks in the head185

18 Functions of Intonation189

18.1 The organization of information189

18.2 The realization of communicative functions190

18.3 The demonstration of syntactic structures192

18.4 The expression of attitude195

18.4.1 Major declaratives195

18.4.2 Minor declaratives197

18.4.3 Wh-interrogatives197

18.4.4 Yes/No interrogatives198

18.4.5 Tag interrogatives198

18.4.6 Imperatives199

18.4.7 Exclamatives199

19 Consonant Clusters201

19.1 Clusters in the onset201

19.1.1 CC consonant clusters201

19.1.2 CCC consonant clusters204

19.2 Clusters in the coda205

19.2.1 Stop+stop205

19.2.2 Plosive+nasal207

19.2.3 /t/or/d/+/l/208

19.2.4 Consonant+/s,z,t,d/209

19.2.5 Consonant+/θ/or/？/210

19.2.6 /l/+consonant211

19.2.7 Nasal+consonant211

19.3 Longer consonant clusters at word boundaries212

20 Natural Processes214

20.1 Assimilation214

20.2 Elision218

20.3 Liaison220

20.4 Juncture223

21 English Prosody（1）226

21.1 Chinese prosody226

21.2 English prosody227

21.3 Iambic verse229

21.4 Anapaestic verse231

21.5 Trochaic verse232

21.6 Dactylic verse233

21.7 Variation in rhythm234

21.8 Truncation235

21.9 Mixed substitution236

21.10 Less commonly used feet237

21.11 Run-on verse239

21.12 Caesura240

22 English Prosody（2）242

22.1 Rhyme242

22.2 Definition of rhyme242

22.3 Masculine rhyme243

22.4 Feminine rhyme244

22.5 Internal rhyme245

22.6 The leonine rhyme245

22.7 Assonance246

22.8 Consonance246

22.9 Alliteration247

22.10 Rhyme scheme249

22.10.1 Stanzaic verse249

22.10.2 The septet250

22.10.3 Triplet251

22.10.4 The quintet253

22.10.5 The sestet254

22.10.6 The octave254

22.10.7 The Spenserian stanza256

22.10.8 The sonnet257

23 Teaching Methods264

23.1 Vowels264

23.2 Consonants265

23.3 Syllables268

23.4 Word stress269

23.5 Intonation270

23.6 Adjustments in connected speech271

23.7 Using the pronouncing dictionaries273

Appendix Ⅰ American English Pronunciation276

Appendix Ⅱ American English Intonation285

Appendix Ⅲ Answers Section292

References318

Glossary and Index322