全国林业系统自然保护区体系规划研究 中英文本【2025|PDF下载-Epub版本|mobi电子书|kindle百度云盘下载】

全国林业系统自然保护区体系规划研究 中英文本PDF格式电子书版下载

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1．中国生物多样性现状1

1.1　物种多样性1

1.2　生态系统类型与分布2

1.3　生物地理区划4

1.4　中国生物多样性面临的主要威胁5

1.5　中国自然保护区现状8

1.6　中国自然保护区的类型13

2．自然保护区建设的政策和规划回顾16

2.1 国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划16

2.2　中国自然保护区发展规划纲要（1996～2010年）16

2.3　林业系统内自然保护区发展规划16

2.4　与本项目有关的规划17

2.5　林业系统自然保护区体系存在的问题18

2.6　中国林业系统自然保护区未来发展方向20

3．自然保护区体系规划方法22

3.1　规划范围22

3.2　规划指导思想22

3.3　规划目标22

3.4　规划程序22

3.5　物种多样性热点地区分析和保护空缺分析24

3.6　自然保护区体系规划25

3.7　规划面临的限制25

4．物种保护热点地区与空缺地区分析28

4.1　物种的分布与保护空缺28

4.2　中国物种多样性的热点地区分析29

5．优先保护生态系统评价与空缺分析39

5.1　生态系统类型与分布39

5.2　优先保护生态系统的类型及分布39

5.3　生态系统保护现状评价45

5.4　空缺生态系统分析46

6．国家级自然保护区规划49

6.1　建议进行调整的国家级自然保护区49

6.2　建议升级与调整的保护区73

6.3　建议新建国家级自然保护区108

7．保护区排序和优先性分析133

7.1　范围133

7.2　基于生物多样性保护价值的自然保护区排序方法133

7.3　生物多样性排序结果134

7.4　为保护行动和管理进行优先分析的方法136

8．优先建设的国家级保护区预算139

Executive Summary142

1．Introduction-An Overview of China's Biodiversity146

1.1 High Species Diversity147

1.2 Categories and Distribution of Ecosystems148

1.3 The Biogeographic Zones of China150

1.4 Major Threats to Biodiversity in China152

1.5 Current Status of Nature Reserves in China156

1.6 Classification Nature Reserves in China162

2．General Policy Guidelines165

2.1 The 10th Five-Year Socio-Economic Development Plan165

2.2 Outline for Planning and Development of Nature Reserves in China（1996-2010）165

2.3 The Development Plan for Nature Reserves in the Forestry Sector166

2.4 Plans and Policies Governing the NFNRP167

2.5 Forestry Nature Reserves-Issues and Adequacy168

2.6 Development Trends for Forestry Nature Reserves171

3．Development of the National Forestry Nature Reserve System Plan173

3.1 Scope of the NFNRSP173

3.2 Guidelines for Planning the NFNRSP173

3.3 Overall Goals and Objectives of the NFNRSP173

3.4 Planning Procedures174

3.5 Species Hotspots and Gap Analysis176

3.6 Planning on Nature Reserves System178

3.7 Constraints Faced by the Planning Team178

4．Species Gap Analyses and Hot Spots181

4.1 Species Distribution and Protection Gaps181

4.2 Analysis of Hot Spot Areas for Species Diversity in China183

5．Evaluation of Priority Ecosystems and Gap Analysis196

5.1 Types and Distribution of Ecosystems196

5.2 Types and Distribution of Priority Ecosystems196

5.3 Evaluation of the Conservation Status of Ecosystems204

5.4 Ecosystem Gap Analysis205

6．Planning of National Nature Reserves209

6.1 Proposed Adjustments to Existing National Nature Reserves209

6.2 Reserves Recommended to be Upgraded and Adjusted240

6.3 New Site Proposals for National Reserves283

7．Ranking and Prioritizing Nature Reserves in the Systems Plan313

7.1 Scope313

7.2 Methodology for Ranking Reserves Based on Biodiversity Values313

7.3 Results of Biodiversity Ranking315

7.4 Methodology for Prioritizing National Reserves for Conservation Action and Management Attention317

8．Budgeting for Priority National Nature Reserves321

References325

附录　Annexes330

1．选定的指示鸟类　Selected Indicator Bird Species330

2．选定的指示兽类　Selected Indicator Mammal Species338

3．选定的指示植物　Selected Indicator Plant Species342

4．鸟类保护空缺分析　Protection GAP for Birds353

5．选定兽类的空缺分析　Protection GAP for Mammals359

6．包含在国家级保护区系统的植物名录　Priority Indicator Plants Covered in Existing National Reserves363

7．包含在省级及县级保护区中的优先指示植物　Priority Indicator Plants Covered in Existing Provincial or County Level Reserves366

8．陆地生态系统类型评价表　Evaluation Table on Continental Ecosystems368

9．优先保护生态系统类型及其主要分布地区　Forest Ecosystems for Prioritized Protection and their Distribution374

10．优先保护湿地生态系统及其分布　Wetland Ecosystems for Prioritized Protection and their Distribution381

11．优先保护草原与荒漠生态系统及其分布　Grassland and Desert Ecosystems for Prioritized Protection and their Distribution384

12．现已保护的生态系统基本情况表　Information on Ecosystems under Protection in National Nature Reserves387

13．未建有保护区的优先生态系统及其分布地区　Protection GAP for Priority Ecosystems398

14．优先保护区名录　List of National Nature Reserves Ranked for Overall Importance for Biodiversity Conservation401

15．优先保护区预算估计总结　Summary Estimate Budgets for Class Ⅰ,Ⅱ Priority Nature Reserves404

表1-1 中国动、植物部分门类特有种（或属）统计表2

表1-2　中国濒危物种数量（估计）7

表1-3　中国自然保护区的发展历程9

表1-4　列入国际条约的保护区11

表1-5　第一阶段建议的自然保护区12

表2-1　各省和自治区国家级保护区的面积和数量18

表4-1 生境类型被包括在保护区体系内的雀形鸟类28

表4-2　没有包括在保护区内的优先保护植物种类30

表4-3　热点地区的指示物种数量和热点值30

表6-1　调整后的国家级自然保护区包括扩建和（或）合并的自然保护区50

表6-2　建议升级的省级或县级保护区及其面积的调整74

表6-3　建议新建的国家级自然保护区108

表7-1 建议包括在“十五”期间（2001～2005）重点建设的处于优先级别1和2的国家级保护区136

表8-1　优先发展自然保护区预算总结141

Table 1-1 Statistics on Endemic Species(or Genera)in China147

Table 1-2 Estimated Numbers of Endangered Species in China155

Table 1-3 Nature Reserve Development in China Since 1956157

Table 1-4 The Reserves Covered In International Treaties158

Table 1-5 Initial Nature Reserves Proposed In Stage Ⅰ160

Table 2-1 Numbers and Area of National Nature Reserves by Province/Autonomous Region169

Table 4-1 Passerine Birds Covered in New Nature Reserves by Virtue of Habitat Identification181

Table 4-2 Indicator Protected Plants with Protection Gap in Existing Protected Areas183

Table 4-3 Species Numbers and Hot Spot Value of Priority Conservation Areas184

Table 6-1 Adjusted National Nature Reserves,Including Extended and/or Merged Existing Nature Reserves210

Table 6-2 Upgraded Provincial and/or County Reserves to National Level Nature Reserves and Area Adjustments241

Table 6-3 New Site Proposals for National Nature Reserves284

Table 7-1 Priority Reserves Proposed for Inclusion in the 10th Five-Year National Development Plan317

Table 8-1 The Budget Summary for the Priority Nature Reserves324

图1-1 中国陆地生态系统类型与分布3

图1-2　中国的生物地理分区5

图1-3　林业系统自然保护区数量变化10

图1-4　林业系统自然保护区面积变化10

图4-1 物种热点地区分布图31

图4-2　鸟类物种热点值分布图31

图4-3　兽类物种热点值分布图32

图4-4　植物物种热点值分布图32

图5-1　优先保护生态系统类型39

图5-2　优先保护森林生态系统41

图5-3　优先保护湿地生态系统42

图5-4　优先保护草原和草甸生态系统43

图5-5　优先保护荒漠生态系统44

图5-6　优先保护特殊生态服务功能区45

图5-7　优先保护生态系统空缺分析47

图6-1　规划调整的国家级自然保护区49

图6-2　规划升级为国家级的保护区75

图6-3　建议新建的国家级自然保护区109

图7-1　规划优先建设的国家级保护区134

图7-2　规划优先（Ⅰ）建设的国家级保护区135

图7-3　规划优先（Ⅱ）建设的国家级保护区135

图7-4　生物多样性排序138

Map 1-1 The Major Types and Distribution of Terrestrial Ecosystems in China148

Map 1-2 Biogeographical Division of China151

Map 1-3 The Growth of the NPA's Number in China(since 1956)158

Map 1-4 The Growth of the NPA's Area in China(since 1956)159

Map 4-1 Location of Species Hot Spot Areas185

Map 4-2 Hotspot Value of Birds185

Map 4-3 Hotspot Value of Mammals186

Map 4-4 Hotspot Value of Plants186

Map 5-1 Priority Terrestrial Ecosystems for Conservation in China197

Map 5-2 Priority Forest Ecosystems for Conservation in China197

Map 5-3 Priority Wetland Ecosystems for Conservation in China200

Map 5-4 Priority Grassland and Meadow Ecosystems for Conservation in China202

Map 5-5 Priority Desert Ecosystems for Conservation in China203

Map 5-6 Priority Areas with Special Ecological Services204

Map 5-7 Gap Analvsis of Priority Terrestrial Ecosystems for Conservation in China206

Map 6-1 Location of Adjusted Nature Reserves209

Map 6-2 Location of Upgraded Nature Reserve240

Map 6-3 Location of New Nature Reserve284

Map 7-1 Location of Nature Reserves Ranked Class 1 and 2315

Map 7-2 Location of Nature Reserves Randked Class 1316

Map 7-3 Location of Nature Reserves Randked Class 2316

Map 7-4 The Biodiversity Ranking Matrix317